This paper presents the results of a study aimed at developing a method for semantic segmentation of thermal images using a modified neural network algorithm that differs from the original neural network algorithm by a higher speed or processing graphic information. As part of the study, a modification of the DeepLabv3+ semantic segmentation neural network algorithm was carried out by reducing the number of parameters of the neural network model, which made it possible to increase the speed of processing graphic information by 48% – from 27 to 40 frames per second. A training method is also presented that allows to increase the accuracy of the modified neural network algorithm; the accuracy value obtained was 5% lower than the accuracy of the original neural network algorithm.

Keywords: neural network algorithms, semantic segmentation, machine learning, data augmentation

The dynamic time warping algorithm (DTW) is designed to compare two time series by measuring the distance between them. DTW is widely used in medicine, speech recognition, financial market and gaze trajectories analysis. Considering the classic version of DTW, as well as its various modifications, it was found that in the tasks of analyzing the distance between gaze trajectories, they are not able to correctly take into account the duration of its fixations on visual stimuli. The problem has not attracted much attention so far, although its solution will improve the accuracy and interpretation of the results of many experimental studies, since assessing the time of visual focus on objects is an important factor in visual analysis. Hence the need to adapt DTW for such tasks. The goal of this work is to adapt the classic DTW to the problem of finding the distance between two time series with periods of low variability of values. During the demonstration of the developed algorithm, it was proven that the effect of a given minimum threshold of fixation duration on the result is significant. The proposed adaptation of DTW will improve the quality of visual data analysis and can be applied to understanding the mechanisms of human perception and decision-making in various fields of activity, such as psychology and marketing, as well as to developing effective methods for testing interfaces.

Keywords: dynamic time warping algorithm, eye tracking, time series, gaze trajectory, gaze fixation duration

The installation of foundations of production facilities on sites subject to karst formation and suffusion processes in conditions of weak soils is a serious problem in the design and construction of large distribution centers. In such a situation, it is necessary to calculate the load-bearing elements of the building for the effect of the lack of reaction of the base under the sole of the foundations on a site with a diameter of 3.0 m, located in the most unfavorable places from the point of view of structural work. Such unfavorable locations of a karst sinkhole can be determined by digitally constructing "influence functions" and obtaining "envelope" diagrams of pressure on the base, foundation sediment, and structural reinforcement. If the maximum allowable precipitation of the foundations obtained by calculation is exceeded, it is possible to strengthen the soils by layer-by-layer recycling, which will allow reaching the normative indicators.

Keywords: karst formation, suffusion, sinkhole, calculated combination of loads, special combination of loads, reinforcement, foundation sedimentation, ground pressure

The analysis of the environmental impact of the largest enterprises located in the Southern and Northern industrial zones of the linear city of Volgograd has been carried out, and the need to change approaches to designing a comfortable urban environment, which currently take into account the average data for characterizing the ecological state of a particular territory, has been shown. The analysis confirmed the need to take into account the local impact of industrial enterprises on the components of the urban environment when justifying the selection and planning of appropriate modern spaces within the framework of the Federal Project "Creating a comfortable Urban environment".

Keywords: urban environment, comfort, urban environment quality index, modern spaces, environmental analysis, environmental friendliness, environmental safety

The annual growth of the load on data centers increases many times over, which is due to the growing growth of users of the information and telecommunications network Internet. Users access various resources and sources, using search engines and services for this. Installing equipment that processes telecommunications traffic faster requires significant financial costs, and can also significantly increase the downtime of the data center due to possible problems during routine maintenance. It is more expedient to focus resources on improving the software, rather than the hardware of the equipment. The article provides an algorithm that can reduce the load on telecommunications equipment by searching for information within a specific subject area, as well as by using the features of natural language and the process of forming words, sentences and texts in it. It is proposed to analyze the request based on the formation of a prefix tree and clustering, as well as by calculating the probability of the occurrence of the desired word based on the three sigma rule and Zipf's Law.

Keywords: Three Sigma Rule, Zipf's Law, Clusters, Language Analysis, Morphemes, Prefix Tree, Probability Distribution

The cargo turnover of modern distribution centers of network operators reaches hundreds of thousands of tons per year. The technological load on the floors in the warehouse part of the building is 8-10 t/m2 (80-100 kPa), on the floors – up to 2.4 t/m2 (24 kPa). These loads transfer significant pressure through the foundations of the frame to the ground, which, with large sole sizes and mutual influence, increases the lower boundary of the compressible thickness and, as a result, the draft of structures. In the presence of weak soils at the base, precipitation reaches exorbitant values. The situation is aggravated by the high groundwater level, which also increases the sedimentation of foundations. The article presents and analyzes options for solving the problem by strengthening the base by compacting the top layer and cementing it to different depths depending on the pressure and construction of the foundation.

Keywords: reinforcement of the base, recycling, permissible calculated precipitation, calculated soil resistance

In recent years, there has been a notable increase in the popularity of modular construction in Russia and in other countries. This form of construction offers a number of advantages, including a reduction in construction time, a decrease in costs, an improvement in the quality of modular construction, and a reduction in the negative environmental impact.

Keywords: еhe subject matter encompasses modular construction, prospects, Russia, international experience, construction technologies, housing construction, and innovations

The paper considers a method for obtaining gypsum foam based on various compositions of dry mixtures, including a foaming agent, various sorbents, and gypsum binder. Expanded vermiculite, perlite sand, and crushed expanded clay gravel were used as sorbents. The most effective sorbent of the above is the crushing waste from the production of expanded clay gravel. As studies have shown, foam gypsum with a density of 250 kg/m3 and a strength of 0.9 MPa can be obtained.

Keywords: Dry mix, adsorption, gypsum foam, gypsum binders, sorbent, expanded clay sand, vermiculite, perlite, foaming agent

The article discusses the features of modeling composite reinforced concrete beams from various (B25 and B65) concrete strength classes. The basic principles of the theory of composite rods were applied in the modeling process. The section of the reinforced concrete beam was divided by boundary layers with a reduced shear coefficient. The stresses and the nature of the distribution of deformations over the height of the beam section were evaluated before and after the introduction of a different number of boundary layers. During the extended analysis, options for introducing vertically arranged boundary layers along the length of the beam were considered. Based on the results obtained, it was possible to evaluate the specifics of the operation of bent structures with a different number of boundary layers.

Keywords: contact zone, contact characteristic, shear modulus, shear calculation, composite structure, reinforced concrete beam made of high-strength concrete

The paper presents a method for quantitative assessment of zigzag trajectories of vehicles, which allows to identify potentially dangerous behavior of drivers. The algorithm analyzes changes in direction between trajectory segments and includes data preprocessing steps: merging of closely spaced points and trajectory simplification using a modified Ramer-Douglas-Pecker algorithm. Experiments on a balanced data set (20 trajectories) confirmed the effectiveness of the method: accuracy - 0.8, completeness - 1.0, F1-measure - 0.833. The developed approach can be applied in traffic monitoring, accident prevention and hazardous driving detection systems. Further research is aimed at improving the accuracy and adapting the method to real-world conditions.

Keywords: trajectory, trajectory analysis, zigzag, trajectory simplification, Ramer-Douglas-Pecker algorithm, yolo, object detection

The article is devoted to the development of modular construction in Russia and related problems. Given the ongoing shortage of living space and the need to modernize the housing stock, modular construction is a promising solution for the rapid construction of affordable housing. Despite the advantages such as faster implementation times, high flexibility and adaptability to various needs, and the ability to quickly dismantle and expand buildings, the technology faces serious challenges in Russia. The lack of a unified regulatory framework and certification brings additional difficulties with financing and lack of infrastructure, which significantly limits the mass use of modular structures. These factors slow down the process of integrating modular construction into domestic construction practice. At the same time, international experience and successful examples of the implementation of such projects, such as the Habitat 67 residential complex in Canada and the high-rise building "Naikagin Capsule Tower" in Japan, demonstrate the possibilities of modular construction in various sectors. Russia continues to actively work on the adaptation of modular technologies, which opens up prospects for solving housing problems and the rapid construction of social facilities. In the country modular construction can play an important role in solving housing problems, especially in regions where traditional construction methods are economically impractical. Despite the existing problems, the implementation of this technology continues to evolve, which opens up prospects for future growth and improvement of the construction industry in Russia.

Keywords: modular construction, energy efficiency, prefabricated buildings, regulatory and technical documentation, block modules, modular systems, frame buildings, modular buildings, modular construction technology

Based on the analysis of behavioral characteristics, the main indicators that provide the greatest accuracy in identifying users of mobile devices are identified. As part of the research, software has been written to collect touchscreen data when performing typical user actions. Identification algorithms are implemented based on machine learning algorithms and accuracy is shown. The results obtained in the study can be used to build continuous identification systems.

Keywords: user behavior, touch screen, continuous identification, biometrics, dataset, classification, deep learning, recurrent neural network, mobile device

A class of mathematical methods for code channel division has been developed based on the use of pairs of orthogonal encoding and decoding matrices, the components of which are polynomials and integers. The principles of constructing schemes for implementing code channel combining on the transmitting side and arithmetic code channel division on the receiving side of the communication system and examples of such schemes are presented. The proposed approach will significantly simplify the design of encoding and decoding devices used in space and satellite communication systems.

Keywords: telecommunications systems, telecommunications devices, multiplexing, code division of channels, matrix analysis, encoding matrices, synthesis method, orthogonal matrices, integers

The effect of gamma radiation on concretes of nuclear facilities and their components has been studied less than the effect of neutron radiation. In this regard, the purpose of this work was to assess radiation changes in concrete structures of various nuclear facilities under the influence of gamma radiation. The work presents computational studies of radiation changes in volume and compressive strength under the influence of gamma radiation in concrete structures of various premises of nuclear facilities. The calculations were performed using methods developed for the analytical determination of radiation changes in concretes and their components under neutron irradiation and heating. The rationale for their use was considered earlier. The calculations were based on the methods previously developed by the author for predicting radiation changes in fillers and cement stone under the influence of gamma radiation. It was found that under the influence of gamma radiation, significant radiation changes, especially in strength, occur and will occur in concrete structures of the considered premises of various nuclear facilities in most cases. Gamma radiation causes a decrease in volume and a decrease in strength, but it is different for concrete in different rooms depending on the absorbed dose rate. Radiation changes increase with an increase in the dose rate and the duration of operation. The calculated radiation changes in concrete under the influence of gamma radiation should be taken into account in the design, operation and especially when extending the operation of nuclear power facilities. However, the change in strength can be partially compensated by additional hydration and especially by an increase in strength due to carbonization. However, this is not taken into account in the calculations, since it has not yet been sufficiently studied. In this regard, the obtained results show the possible maximum effect of gamma radiation. Upon receipt of specific data on the effect of carbonization, the presented results can be adjusted.

Keywords: concrete, nuclear power facilities, nuclear power plants, gamma radiation effects, radiation changes in concrete, volume change, radiation changes in strength

The article considers a variant of constructing a model of a solar battery orientation drive based on a DC motor and PID control. Orientation in space is performed along two axes: azimuth and zenith. The model is used for optimal adjustment of PID controller parameters when processing the required orientation angles under gusty wind conditions. The following are used as the main adjustment criteria: small overshoot when processing the angle, aperiodic (non-oscillatory) nature of transient processes, minimum dynamic error in compensating for wind effects when processing the angle, minimum settling time when processing the effect. The controller was optimized using the coordinate descent method. A variant of controller adjustment for the optimal mode is given with process graphs confirming its practical optimality. The constructed drive model can be used to implement a digital twin of the solar battery panel orientation drive monitoring and control system.

Keywords: mathematical model of the drive, PID controller, solar panel, gusty wind effects, azimuth and zenith orientation, optimization by complex criterion