The effect of organomodified silica particles on the extraction of dissolved diesel fuel from water was studied. The dependence of the efficiency of water purification on the concentration and type of solid particles, as well as the concentration and type of surfactant, is shown. When using a short-chain surfactant to modify the surface of silica particles, the minimum residual concentration of diesel fuel was 2.71 mg/l at a concentration of 4% Aerosil-380 and hexylamine 57 mmol/l. Replacing the short-chain surfactant hexylamine with the long-chain CTAMB led to an 8% improvement in the quality of water purification due to an increase in the surface activity of the organic cation. The use of modified clay particles to purify water from diesel fuel showed lower efficiency compared to Aerosil-380 particles at similar concentrations of the solid phase and surfactant modifier.
Keywords: Pickering foam, foam emulsion, diesel fuel, water purification, silica, cationic surfactant, hexylamine, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide
Reducing the loss of thermal energy in heating systems and increasing their reliability is an urgent task for the thermal power industry. The use of polyurethane foam insulation of pipelines is currently considered as the most promising solution to this problem. However, the construction of a durable and economical pipeline with PU insulation requires certain conditions. Despite the advantages of using PU insulation, the experience of implementing such pipelines has revealed problems arising from emergency situations that directly affect the reduction of energy efficiency. To solve these problems, an operational remote control system is being introduced to eliminate accidents and monitor insulation moisture. The paper presents an analysis of the implementation of LoRaWAN-based SDCs on heating networks in the Republic of Tatarstan. The study shows that in the first year of operation, the number of defects was higher due to the establishment of an information collection system and the installation of sensors. However, the second year of the experiment demonstrated a decrease in the number of defects and accidents, which indicates an increase in the efficiency of the system. It is recommended to introduce pipelines with PU insulation and SOD to increase the reliability and efficiency of heating networks.
Keywords: pipelines, heating networks, polyurethane foam insulation, reliability, durability, energy efficiency, operational remote control system
The effectiveness of various inorganic coagulants based on aluminum and iron was evaluated. Based on a review of the literature data, as well as experimental studies, the advantages and disadvantages of a number of coagulants based on aluminum and iron have been identified. Aluminum sulfate, iron sulfate, as well as polyoxychloride and aluminum oxychloride were studied. Based on the results of evaluating the effectiveness of inorganic coagulants in terms of turbidity, chromaticity, residual aluminum, permanganate oxidability, recommendations for their separate and joint use are given.
Keywords: coagulant, aluminum, iron, turbidity, chromaticity, permanganate oxidability, residual aluminum
In most countries of the world, the construction industry is one of the main sources of air pollution in urban areas and agglomerations. One of the most dangerous pollutants are fine dust particles PM2.5 and PM10, formed from the production of dusty construction processes. Due to the optimal location of administrative facilities on the construction site, it is possible to reduce the concentration of dust emissions of particles PM2.5 and PM10. In addition, the cost of the dust control method is of concern to contractors, as it leads to an increase in the cost of construction. Therefore, reducing overall transportation costs is another optimization goal. To solve several tasks at once, the study uses multi-purpose optimization using the particle swarm method (MRF) algorithm to find an optimized construction site layout that can simultaneously reduce both the level of pollution from dust emissions and transportation costs.
Keywords: environmental safety, environmental monitoring, atmospheric air protection, ecology in construction, dust suppression, feasibility study, dust collection systems, labor protection in construction
The article discusses the issues related to the solution of an actual problem – the recycling of accumulations of plastic waste in the ocean. It is proposed to organize the plastic recycling process directly in the ocean on recycling vessels. At the same time, the products of mechanical processing and pyrolysis can be used to support the construction, road construction, and electric power industries of coastal developing countries in Africa and Latin America, near which the largest amount of plastic waste is concentrated. It is proposed to use both systems with artificial intelligence trained to recognize and identify plastic by shape, and systems based on spectral analysis of the composition of plastic for sorting and identification.
Keywords: plastic waste, microplastics, plastic recycling in the ocean, recycling vessel, plastic type recognition, use of recycled plastic
Issues of environmental protection, in particular atmospheric air, protection of the population from the effects of pollutants living near the deployed construction works are relevant, as the volume of construction and commissioning of new buildings and structures increases, and there is a continuous development of equipment and technologies in construction production. In order to study the degree of air pollution of the construction site during 2020-2023, air pollution with fine dust particles PM2.5 and PM10 was monitored, namely the volume of dust emissions, their chemical composition to assess pollution from construction processes and equipment that produce these construction processes, taking into account the factors of background dustiness of the air environment of the territory, affecting on the health of construction workers and the population. Based on the results of the work carried out, it was determined that the highest concentration of dust and the volume of dust emissions are shown by earthworks. The results of this work, with practical accuracy.
Keywords: environmental safety, environmental monitoring, atmospheric air protection, ecology in construction, dust suppression, feasibility study, dust collection systems, labor protection in construction
Main tacks of ecology are determine the safety margin of the planet; Identify the parameters that have the greatest impact on the state of the world; Predict the likely outcomes of current economic and industrial policies. Professor Gaia Herrington concludes that the “standard scenario” is most comparable to the current situation. This has led to the creation of numerous (over 1,500) inventions to reduce environmental threats. Chemists at the New Jersey Institute of Technology have created a new laboratory method to detect traces of PFAS in food packaging, water and soil sample. Most existing models of the terrestrial biosphere that are used to estimate carbon sequestration account only partially or not at all for the complex mechanisms associated with vegetation, and are at the lower end of the complexity spectrum.
Keywords: environmental threats, limits to growth, inventions on ecology
Radon is a chemically inert radioactive gas with daughter decay products (DPR) in the form of alpha particles. Radon flux density studies were conducted in the Komarovo residential complex in the Sovetsky district of Volgograd in April 2024 on an area of approximately 0.3 km2. The purpose of the study was to study the radon flux density on a land plot in the Komarovo residential complex (Sovetsky district, Volgograd) in April 2024. Research objectives: 1. Measurement of the radon flux density level at the study points. 2. Statistical processing of the obtained results. 3. Forecasting of radon hazard of a land plot in the residential complex "Komarovo". Research methods and equipment. The method of measuring the radon flux density from the ground surface using Alfarad-Plus (Russia) was used. The authors found an excess of the average values of the radon flux density in the Komarovo residential complex by 5 times compared with the data of the standard values of the radon flux (80 MBq/m2*s). Moreover, spot emissions of radon gas of abnormal values reaching 3945 MBq/m2*s were recorded in the studied area, and in the southwestern part of the residential complex there is a zone with the highest values of PP> 80 MBq/m2*s. There is no anthropogenic factor in the form of radioactive contamination. These facts indicate signs of natural radon pollution of the land and problems of environmental safety of the urbanized territory, which requires operational engineering and environmental measures to develop protective measures against radon danger in the residential complex "Komarovo".
Keywords: radon, radon flux density, radioactive contamination, radon hazard, radon risks, daughter products of radon decay, alpha particles, urban areas, residential complexes, lung cancer
The article discusses the features of obtaining liquid synthetic motor fuels from natural gas and other carbonaceous raw materials. The use of such fuels in the operation of construction and road equipment can help reduce the negative impact on the environment, especially in areas with increased requirements for air quality. It has been shown that one of the effective methods for obtaining synthetic fuel fractions is one-pot synthesis using bifunctional catalysts, which make it possible to combine the hydrocarbon synthesis process and the hydroprocessing stage, including hydrocracking and hydroisomerization processes.
Keywords: synthetic motor fuels, bifunctional catalysts, promoters, one-pot synthesis
In this article, using the example of the Silinka River in the city of Komsomolsk-on-Amur, the influence of various factors on the formation and transportation of sediments in the river, such as sediments, dissolved substances, such as the gross form of zinc, is estimated. The paper uses a multiple regression model to identify the influence of some external factors on the level of contamination of bottom sediments with zinc and presents the results of numerical modeling that allow us to assess changes in the "water – bottom sediments" system under the influence of various factors. The work is important for understanding ecological processes in rivers and can be used to develop methods for managing and protecting water resources.
Keywords: multiple regression, urban area, ecological status, mass transfer processes, water resources, bottom sediments, modeling, Silinka River, Komsomolsk-on-Amur city, ecological processes, numerical modeling, water resources management
The paper presents a new approach to assessing the level of contamination with heavy metals of the soil-like fraction from landfills using Monte Carlo simulation using the example of landfills located within the borders of Volgograd.It was found that with a probability of 36.2%, the contamination level of a soil-like fraction from the landfill located in the Voroshilovsky district will correspond to moderately hazardous, and with a probability of 63.8%, hazardous. It is economically justified to isolate a soil-like fraction with a low level of pollution to detoxify it and further use it in the territory reclamation. For a soil-like fraction from landfill located in the Traktorozavodsky district, the pollution level was determined as extremely hazardous and hazardous with a probability of 87.1% and 3.1%, respectively. It is shown that a useful and usable part cannot be isolated from a soil-like fraction. A soil-like fraction must be neutralized and placed at waste disposal facilities.The presented approach is a useful instrument for pollution level assessment of a soil-like fraction, which can increase the accuracy of an estimate and the management effectiveness of a soil-like fraction during landfill development.
Keywords: landfill, soil-like fraction, heavy metals, pollution level, Monte Carlo method, modeling
The main designs of dust settling chambers of metallurgical enterprises are considered, an analysis is given from the point of view of the type of metallurgical furnaces, their power, and schemes for removing gases from them to gas cleaning equipment. The movement of gas flow in chambers of various designs was studied using the SolidWorks software product with the FlowSimulation application, which made it possible to establish the behavior of the gas-air flow depending on the design of the dust settling chamber.
Keywords: dust settling chambers, steel melting furnace, solid particles, modeling, gas-air flow, bag filter, gas exhaust path
At the present stage of increasing competition, the increased level of threats to the economic condition of business entities in any sector of the economy requires special attention. Enterprises of this industry annually emit aerosols of various composition and origin into the atmosphere: iron, vanadium, aluminum oxides, manganese oxides and other heavy metals. One of the components of safety is environmental safety and ensuring safe working conditions. The chemical composition of the dust-gas-air mixture of metallurgy enterprises is considered in the article, and the dispersed composition of aerosol emissions is determined. The data of the results of microscopic analysis of the fractional composition of dust based on the data of integral dependences of the density of distribution by equivalent sizes (diameters) D for the ingredients accepted for the study allowed us to determine the average median values of equivalent dust diameters.
Keywords: metallurgy, aerosol, electric steelmaking shop, dust-gas-air mixture, dispersion analysis, average median diameter, dh 50
The article provides an analysis of technological schemes for the reuse of contaminated water obtained after washing the rapid filters of water treatment plants. The advantages and disadvantages of existing options for reuse and disposal of purified and untreated wash water are shown. A new water treatment technology has been proposed, which involves pre-treatment of wash water with an organic coagulant, followed by mixing it with river water and subsequent reagent purification of the resulting mixture by settling and filtration.
Keywords: water treatment, filter wash water, coagulation, aluminum sulfate, organic coagulant, clarification
Today, the problem of global climate change and the associated degradation of permafrost is a priority area of research. In the regions of the Far North, a change in temperature by half a degree contributes to the emergence of geocryological dangers: the appearance of ravines, thermokarst subsidence, heaving, the formation of residential ice and, as a result, the destruction of houses and infrastructure. In Russia, the permafrost zone occupies about 63-65% of its territory and extends for thousands of kilometers. Various engineering and geological impacts, including man-made ones, represent a serious geocryological hazard and can lead to degradation of frozen soils in various regions. Due to the rapid thawing of ice and climate change, collapses and voids form on frozen soils. Also, when thawing permafrost, a large amount of groundwater is formed and there is a risk of salinization of nearby water and coastal zones. This can lead to the loss of resources that are necessary for the life of the local population, as well as for the economy of the region. Despite the fact that there are numerous programs and studies on this topic, a huge amount of work has not yet been carried out in Russia to eliminate geocryological threats.
Keywords: Geocryology, permafrost, ground, frozen soil degradation, thawing, monitoring, Yakutia, cryolithozone, geocryological hazard
The effectiveness of air purification with the following sorbents has been studied: crushed expanded clay with granule sizes up to 2-3 mm, zeolite with granule sizes up to 1-3 mm, activated carbon with granules up to 3 mm, the natural mineral pyrolusite as a catalyst, Portland cement prepared using various methods: with the addition of a 6% solution of table salt, with soaking of granules in 26%, 31% and 36% solutions of diethanolamine. Studies have shown that the most effective (98%) use of pyrolusite granules, Portland cement granules obtained after mixing Portland cement with a 6% sodium chloride solution, soaked in 31% diethanolamine and then drying the granules at a temperature of 125 0C.
Keywords: crushed expanded clay, portland cement, purification, supply air, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, granules
The article provides overview information on the importance of ensuring the environmental safety of environmental sulfur, on factors designed to counter the adverse effects of pollutants on the urban environment, aimed at creating comfortable living conditions for the population, and protecting the living environment from the harmful effects of transport. Information is provided on trends in increasing the anthropogenic impact of greenhouse pollution on climate change, Decree of the President of the Russian Federation (dated October 26, 2023 No. 812) on the approval of the climate doctrine, which will be the direction for further research into greenhouse pollution from motor vehicles, data from background stations of the Russian Federation are presented on the increment of CO2 concentrations in the surface layer and in the atmosphere, on the volume of greenhouse gases from the transport flow. Motor transport is indicated as the most influential factor in urban environmental pollution and the negative impact of polluted air on public health in Volgograd. The results of field studies of the intensity of vehicle traffic along the newly commissioned highway “0-th Longitudinal” in Volgograd are presented, a trend of growth in overall intensity, starting from 2019, and an increase in the intensity of low-capacity public transport along newly designed routes are revealed. The directions of necessary research to reduce the environmental impact on the ecology of the coastal zone are shown.
Keywords: diversification of management, production diversification, financial and economic purposes of a diversification, technological purposes of ensuring flexibility of production
From the preservation of historical character to the introduction of environmental practices and the promotion of cultural adaptation, these methods together rethink the sustainable evolution of industrial buildings, illustrating their global prevalence and profound impact on the creation of functional, culturally resonant and visually attractive public spaces.
Keywords: renovation of an industrial building, sustainable architecture, reconstruction, energy conservation, energy efficiency, environmental friendliness, green architecture, eco-friendly design, architectural and environmental renovation
The intensification of technological processes in modern industries is accompanied by an increase in the volume of ventilation and technological emissions, which have an extremely adverse effect on the environment. As is known, wet dust and gas cleaning devices are widely and successfully used to solve this problem. However, the presence of a droplet dispersion of the working fluid in the purified air flow, which can pollute the atmosphere with components captured during the cleaning process, does not allow achieving the required degree of purification. The article presents designs of radial-inertial droplet eliminators, optimized for functional and energy characteristics, proposed for installation in intensive wet dust and gas purification devices for effective separation of droplet moisture.
Keywords: gas-liquid flow, inertial louver separators, separation of droplet moisture, separating elements
The subject of the research in the article is the system of solid municipal waste management, the choice of a method of sorting and recycling waste to obtain finished products based on the material balance method. For the analysis of production systems, the material balance method is proposed, which allows you to estimate the quantity (mass) waste involved in sorting, processing and receiving finished products and the amount of finished products received at each of the above stages of the waste management system. One of such indicators may be the coefficient of effective waste processing Ƞ (KEPO) in the production of new consumer goods (similar to the coefficient of efficiency), taking into account the economic cycle for the processing of MSW, including the collection, sorting, recycling of waste and the production of new goods in one economic cycle, and the coefficient of waste generation µ (KOO) in the same business cycle, determined by the method of material balance.
Keywords: municipal waste, sorting, recycling, products, material balance, coefficient of effective waste recycling, coefficient of waste generation
This article is devoted to one of the most pressing problems of municipal solid waste (MSW) management in the city of Lugansk today. After all, the lack of a rational waste management system entails environmental pollution, which affects the entire biosphere of the planet. The article analyzes the main sources of waste, the total mass of accumulated hazardous and toxic waste, and ways of handling them. Particular attention is paid to the impact of mine dumps on the ecological state of the environment. The cities in which the largest areas are allocated for coal mining waste are given. The authors also examined in detail the issue of collecting solid municipal waste in the residential sector and its disposal. In conclusion, a conclusion is drawn about the main problems associated with organizing the collection and disposal of municipal solid waste.
Keywords: municipal solid waste, environment, industrial waste, recycling, recycling, disposal
The article presents the prerequisites for the relevance of the processing and disposal of galvanic sludge generated from industrial enterprises, which in turn occupies numerous areas of land for storage, which harms the environment. An overview of the methods of processing and disposal of electroplating waste, including physical, chemical and biological processes. Experimental studies of galvanic sludge sediment are presented. The precipitate is a mixture of crystalline CaCO3, SiO2 and an amorphous phase, which is not determined by phase analysis. Modern advanced technologies for the processing and disposal of galvanic sludge are presented.
Keywords: galvanic sludge waste, automation, control, methods, sediment thermogram
Strengthening coastal industrial buildings during reconstruction is crucial in the field of sustainable development. This article discusses the key architectural methods of building improvement during renovation, including strengthening the foundation, improving the facade, installing shock-resistant windows and doors, structural modernization and the use of eco-friendly design. Renovation of coastal industrial buildings solves existing problems, mitigates coastal climatic hazards, and also increases the safety and sustainability of cities.
Keywords: renovation of an industrial building, sustainable architecture, reconstruction, coastal area, facade modernization, energy saving, energy efficiency, foundation modernization, improvement of the building structure, environmental friendliness, green roof,
The paper considers the possibility of using waste from the forest industry, construction waste and ash and slag waste from boiler heating as a basis for the creation of biofertilizers and components that improve the structure of heavy soils. The analysis of experience on the impact of crushed bricks, coniferous and leaf litter with the inclusion of wood components, and ash and slag waste of boiler heating on the growth functions of red clover and watercress over various time intervals is presented. The possibility of using the presented waste in the process of self-infestation of territories is considered. A number of experiments have been conducted to identify the phytotoxic effect, as well as the reaction of general inhibition or stimulation of growth indicators of higher plants when used as a substrate in pure form, or a mixture with natural soil, wood components, samples of ash and slag waste of various shelf life, brick fighting.
Keywords: forest industry waste, construction waste, broken bricks, ash and slag waste, self-fouling, phytotoxicity, soil structure, morphological changes of plants
Experimental studies have been carried out to determine the sludge index of activated sludge used in the process of biological wastewater treatment on aerotanks at various doses of sludge. The possibility of changing the sedimentation properties of activated sludge when using its electrical treatment is analyzed. It is shown that the electrotreatment of returnable activated sludge together with aeration leads to a decrease in the value of the sludge index, as well as an improvement in the quality of the treated water after settling. pretreatment of activated sludge in an electrolyzer with aeration allows biological wastewater treatment in an aerotank with increased doses, as well as to increase the flocculating properties of sludge in relation to suspended solids.
Keywords: household waste water, biological treatment, activated sludge, aerotank, sedimentation, sludge index, electrical treatment, aeration