The article is devoted to the systematic approach to the development of new composite building materials with lignocellulosic fillers, special attention is paid to the study of their thermal stability. The desire to increase the thermal stability of cellulosic materials implies the use of various modification methods, including acetylation and the use of flame retardants. The properties of monoethanolamine (NB)-trihydroxyborate (MEATHB) as a modifier to improve the fire resistance of thermal insulation materials based on stems of Sosnovsky's borer have been investigated. Experimental methods include thermogravimetric and differential scanning analysis, which allowed the evaluation of thermal decomposition and thermochemical transformations of the raw materials used. The results show that pre-modification using MEATGB shifts the peaks of cellulose thermo-oxidative decomposition temperatures to higher ranges, indicating an increase in the thermal stability of the materials. It is also found that the combination of modification using polyurethane and casein binders improves the thermostatic characteristics, which opens new perspectives for the creation of biostable thermal insulation materials. Thus, the results of this work can serve as a basis for further research and development aimed at creating innovative composite materials with high temperature resistance and biostability using available and environmentally friendly plant raw materials.

Keywords: composite materials, lignocellulosic fillers, thermal stability, monoethanolamine(NB)-trihydroxyborate, biostability, thermal insulation materials, thermogravimetric analysis, polyurethane binder, casein glue

Modern designs of water heating systems are saturated with different types of regulators, but their use is more often justified not by a systematic approach, but by solutions necessary for the operation of the system in its individual parts. The objectives of the presented work are to obtain and systematize experimental data to study the variable hydraulic mode of operation of horizontal water heating systems using apartment stations. In this paper, a problem in the field of development of modern water heating systems that needs to be solved is formulated. The analysis of the schematic solution of the heating system, as well as possible design options, was carried out. A simulation of the multivariate hydraulic mode of operation of the heating system of an apartment building was carried out on the simulator stand. The results of an experimental study are presented, and based on changes in design costs and the value of the adjustable pressure drop in parts of the system, proposals are made to reduce the cost of water heating systems for buildings under construction, as well as suggesting an increase in the ease of setup and quality of system regulation.

Keywords: balancing fittings, hydraulic characteristics research, water heating system, automatic regulators

The article considers one of the problems hindering the use of ceramic piezoelectric materials based on the BiFeO3 - BaTiO3 phases, which is caused by high values ​​of the dielectric loss tangent of these materials. It is assumed that this is due to different electrical conductivity of individual grains of this type of piezoelectric ceramics (Maxwell-Wagner effects), caused by the presence of iron ions in their composition, which have different oxidation states. In order to equalize the oxidation states of iron ions found in the grains of the considered ceramics, we used annealing of its samples in an atmosphere formed as a result of thermal decomposition of ammonium carbonate. It was found that this technique allows: a) to reduce the values ​​of tgδ of the CPM by 6 - 7 times; b) increase the polarizing field strength by at least 40%, and the value of the longitudinal piezoelectric modulus to 140 pC/N.

Keywords: piezoelectric material, electrical conductivity, dielectric loss, defect, iron ions, Maxwell-Wagner effect, reducing atmosphere, ammonium carbonate

The article examines the two-dimensional flow around rectangular cylinders with an aspect ratio from 0.1 to 2.0 using the k-Realizable turbulence model with a Reynolds number of 2×E5. Numerical calculations in the ANSYS Fluent program have obtained changes in the coefficients of drag, transverse force and the Struhal number depending on the size of the prism section. The calculations were carried out at the intensity of turbulence of the incoming flow 2% and 4%. According to the results of calculations, it was found that with turbulence 4%, there is a good coincidence of the total aerodynamic characteristics with the available experimental data.

Keywords: flow around a rectangular cylinder, k-e Realizable turbulence model, aerodynamic characteristics of a rectangular cylinder

A two-dimensional coefficient inverse problem of thermal conductivity for a finite functionally graded cylinder is investigated. The thermal conductivity coefficient is considered to be variable along the radial and axial coordinates. The direct problem of finding the temperature distribution at different moments of time with known boundary conditions and the thermal conductivity coefficient is formulated in a weak statement and solved in the FreeFem++ finite element package. The influence of various two-dimensional power laws of the thermal conductivity coefficient on additional information (the temperature of the outer surface of the cylinder) is investigated. A projection-iteration scheme is constructed to solve the inverse problem. The thermal conductivity coefficient is presented as the sum of the initial approximation and the correction function specified as an expansion in a system of polynomials. At each stage of the iteration process, the expansion coefficients are calculated from the solution of the system of algebraic equations obtained by discretizing the operator equation of the first kind. The results of computational experiments on restoring various two-dimensional laws of change in the thermal conductivity coefficient are presented.

Keywords: functionally graded cylinder, finite element package FreeFem++, identification, thermal conductivity coefficient, inverse problem, iterative-projection approach, operator equation

The article proposes an approach to determining the level of developer brand protection, which is understood as the reputation of the developer in relation to the regional market, formed in the Internet. The level of protection of the developer's brand takes into account the Gunning Nebula Index of text reviews about the developer, the average volume of words in text reviews about the developer, the number of negative text reviews about the developer, the total number of text reviews about the developer and the degree of competitiveness of the real estate market in the region. Estimates of the level of brand protection of developers in Perm and Yekaterinburg are given and analyzed. To reduce reputational risks and increase the level of brand protection, if it is not high enough, developers are recommended to regularly collect positive customer feedback, conduct brand protection audits, collect and classify negative feedback into true and false. True negative reviews should be discussed with customers, address the cause of the negative review, and then invite customers to remove or correct the negative review. When dealing with false negative reviews, you should seek their removal or publish detailed reasoned rebuttals to them online.

Keywords: real estate developer, online reviews, Gunning Nebula Index, brand protection, degree of competitiveness in the market, reputational risk management

The article deals with the problem of determining the volume of traffic on streets with irregular transport demand. The analysis of the historical dynamics of urbanisation of the cities of the Russian Federation is carried out. Various types of layouts of educational institutions (school and preschool) are considered, taking into account their capacity and percentage distribution in cities of the Russian Federation. The sample size of respondents for conducting a sociological survey is calculated. The results of the study are presented taking into account the age group, the method of delivery of students, the distance of residence from the places of attraction, etc. The correlation dependence of traffic intensity and population density through the power of the points of attraction of the urban environment is clarified using calibration coefficients obtained from the results of a sociological study through mathematical processing. A comparative assessment of the dependencies before and after calibration according to the criteria of reliability and representativeness was performed.

Keywords: urban urbanization, traffic intensity, irregular traffic, points of attraction of the urban population, sociological research

The work is devoted to the development and research of a heat exchanger for a contact gas-liquid heat exchanger. To increase the efficiency of heat transfer, the surface receiving heat is equipped with longitudinal fins and transverse partitions that form vortex structures in a turbulent gas flow. The expected decrease in gas temperature is 300-600 °C when cooled with water at a temperature of 50 °C. Simulation modeling has been carried out, including analysis of temperature distribution and hydraulic resistance, thermal power and stresses.

Keywords: heat exchanger, efficiency improvement, exhaust flue gas, heat recovery, mixing heat exchanger, numerical modeling, mathematical model, pixelation method

Protecting the endpoints of an information system from cyber attacks determines the search and development of methods for detecting such attacks using artificial intelligence. The dynamics of the increase in the number of information threats of various types leads to the need to use machine learning methods to classify the functioning of automated control systems, including computing processes in automated control systems. The purpose of the study is to classify the computational processes of the created database for detecting illegitimate processes, taking into account minimizing the number of process parameters to achieve acceptable detection quality. Methods: as a mathematical tool, it is proposed to use a model trained on the created dataset and a correlation matrix based on Pearson coefficients to determine a group of parameters of computational processes. Results: an analysis of the data set based on Pearson correlation coefficients was carried out, which allows minimizing the number of parameters of the input data of the model. It is proposed to use the random forest method for the functioning of the model in solving the binary classification problem of detecting illegitimate computing processes in the automated control system. The effectiveness of the proposed model is evaluated by classification metrics: Precision, Recall, The developed model was tested at fixed volumes, training and testing samples. The work of the model was evaluated using the ROC curve and the PR curve.

Keywords: machine learning, binary classification, computational processes, database, data processing, model testing

In this paper, we present the implementation of a neural network approach to solving the problem of handwritten signature recognition. We analyzed the main approaches to handwritten signature recognition. We identified the features of using a handwritten signature as an identification method, including the variability of a handwritten signature and the possibility of forgery. We identified the relevance of using neural networks to solve the signature recognition problem. We developed a neural network model for recognizing handwritten signatures, presented its architecture containing convolutional and fully connected layers, and trained the neural network model based on handwritten signatures "Handwritten Signatures" containing 2263 signature samples. The accuracy of the developed model was 92% on the test sample. We developed a web application "Recognition of a static handwritten signature" based on the developed neural network model on the Amvera cloud hosting. The web application allows identifying users based on a handwritten signature sample.

Keywords: handwritten signature, neural networks, signature recognition, image processing, machine learning, web application, cloud hosting, identification, verification, artificial intelligence

A device has been developed that allows measuring the edge angle of wetting of flat surfaces with liquid. The device is characterized by simplicity of implementation, low cost, allows you to simplify the measurement process and eliminate errors associated with the individual characteristics of the observer. As an example, by determining the wetting edge angle, the hydrophilicity (hydrophobicity) of surfaces – fluoroplast, steel and steel with a separation coating based on the composition of Penta-100 when they are wetted with water. The dependence of the wetting edge angle of the initial composition of Penta-100 in the liquid state on the viability of the solution has been studied. The correlation of the marginal wetting angle of the Penta-100 solution with the porosity of the formed coating with the surface is shown. The proposed device can be used in educational and industrial laboratories for rapid assessment of the condition of various surfaces.

Keywords: surface, wetting edge angle, water, coating

This paper discusses statistical methods, as well as machine learning methods for choosing the optimal way to establish authorship for a passage of a work. The authors create a dataset from the passages of the corresponding authors, create a set of numerical features corresponding to each passage and apply various approaches to analyze authorship, such as correlation, similarity, t-test. An attempt is made to find the optimal method for the output layer of a graph convolutional neural network used for data preprocessing. The GCN neural network is being trained.

Keywords: t-test, cosine similarity, correlation, graph convolutional neural networks, natural language analysis

The wear resistance of friction units with a polymer coating and a special groove in their supporting structure is increased by minimizing the heating of the contact zone of the rubbing surfaces through effective heat removal due to the presence of a transverse recess (groove). In addition, this design helps to minimize the dry friction process, since it directly affects the distribution of the lubricating fluid. Increased loads of friction units entail characteristic changes in the properties of lubricants. In our opinion, taking into account the viscosity indicators, depending on temperature and pressure, will allow us to more accurately characterize the operation of the structure in various friction modes. The effect of a modified friction unit design (with a polymer coating and a groove) on improving performance in general is described. In addition, comparing the standard and modified designs, it can be noted that the load capacity has significantly increased and the friction coefficient has decreased. At the same time, the service life and the overhaul period of the friction unit have increased, which is a significant effect for the mechanical engineering industry.

Keywords: friction unit, index, friction coefficient, polymer coating, load, tribocoupling

In this paper, we present a study dedicated to implementing a neural network approach to face recognition. We conducted a comprehensive review of existing face recognition methods. We developed a neural network model, trained on the DigiFace-1M dataset. This paper details the architecture of our developed neural network model and the step-by-step training process. The model achieved an accuracy of 78% on the validation set and 92% on the training set. We also addressed the integration of our model into the Russian Amvera Cloud service. As a result, we created a web application that allows users to identify themselves using uploaded images of their faces. This research demonstrates the potential of neural networks for face recognition tasks and offers a practical solution for implementing such systems in various fields.

Keywords: face recognition, deep learning, neural networks, user identification, model architecture, model training, model integration, cloud services, security, biometric technologies

This article presents the results of theoretical research in the field of methods for determining the forces arising in the traction return ropes of the balloon system used in transport, cargo and construction works. The emphasis is placed on the accuracy of the swivel positioning when exposed to a wind flow on the balloon. Theoretical calculations of the main parameters are given, such as: high-speed head, resultant lifting force, rope span, rope force, rope deflection, swivel movement and others. A technique is proposed that allows for a relatively simple and rapid calculation of rope forces in the process of performing cargo operations by an aerostat crane on a construction and installation site.

Keywords: balloon system, balloon crane, traction and return ropes, rope forces, drag, aerial construction and installation work, swivel

The article presents a numerical simulation of energy separation (thermal stratification) in a Leontiev tube, conducted using STAR-CCM+ software. The study focuses on a comparative analysis of two different tube designs, each intended to create temperature differences in gas flows. The simulation revealed that the supersonic flow passing through the tube significantly increases in temperature at the outlet, while the subsonic flow, on the contrary, shows a noticeable decrease in temperature. Detailed profiles of gas velocity and temperature are provided for both designs, demonstrating the effectiveness of each Leontiev tube variant in creating distinct areas of gas with different temperatures without the need for additional external heat exchange. The results obtained are of practical significance for improving the efficiency of gas distribution stations, enabling more effective management of thermal flows and preventing the formation of gas hydrates, as well as for use in other technological processes where temperature separation in flows is required without external heating or cooling.

Keywords: Leontiev tube, numerical simulation, STAR-CCM+, thermal stratification, gas flow

Amid the climate crisis and rising energy costs, the need for improving energy efficiency is becoming increasingly critical. Governments aim to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, while businesses seek to optimize energy expenses. The digitalization of the energy sector and the adoption of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies create favorable conditions for the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in energy consumption management. This article provides an overview of AI technologies and their application in energy consumption management, using an ice rink as a case study. The energy consumption data collected from a real-world facility is analyzed, and methods of neural network modeling of time series for forecasting and optimizing management are examined. The results of the modeling are presented, demonstrating the potential of predictive algorithms in reducing energy costs and improving the operational efficiency of ice rinks.

Keywords: global warming, energy consumption, energy efficiency, digitalization, Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, energy management, machine learning, deep learning, time series, predictive algorithms

The article is devoted to the analysis of the UES of the South, which is part of the unified energy system of Russia (UES of Russia). An assessment of the change in the installed capacity of the power system over a period of 10 years and the causes that caused it has been made. A comparative analysis of changes in the structure of the installed capacity of the UES of the South by types of power plants at the beginning and end of the period under review is presented. Information on the largest commissioned generating facilities of the energy system, including solar and wind power plants, is reflected.

Keywords: energy system, power plants, installed capacity, structure, transmission lines, electrical substations, solar power plant, wind power plant.

The review describers an eco-friendly strategy based on aqueous system. Easy biodegradability and an eco-friendly nature make paper a very good packaging material for food as well as non-food items. The review contained many abstracts of an international patent's documentations.

Keywords: principles of biodegradable hydrophobic materials' creations, review of an international patents