PHP Data Objects (PDOs) represent a significant advancement in PHP application development by providing a universal approach to interacting with database management systems (DBMSs). This article opens with an introduction describing the need for PDOs as of PHP 5.1, which allows PHP developers to interact with different databases through a single interface, minimising the effort involved in portability and code maintenance. It discusses how PDO can improve security by supporting prepared queries, which is a defence against SQL injection. The main part of the paper analyses the key advantages of PDO, such as its versatility in connecting to multiple databases (e.g. MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite), the ability to use prepared queries to enhance security, improved error handling through exceptions, transactional support for data integrity, and the ease of learning the PDO API even for beginners. Practical examples are provided, including preparing and executing SQL queries, setting attributes via the setAttribute method, and performing operations in transactions, emphasising the flexibility and robustness of PDO. In addition, the paper discusses best practices for using PDO in complex and high-volume projects, such as using prepared queries for bulk data insertion, query optimisation and stream processing for efficient handling of large amounts of data. The conclusion section characterises PDO as the preferred tool for modern web applications, offering a combination of security, performance and code quality enhancement. The authors also suggest directions for future research regarding security test automation and the impact of different data models on application performance.

Keywords: PHP, PDO, databases, DBMS, security, prepared queries, transactions, programming

Relevance of the research topic. Modern cyber attacks are becoming more complex and diverse, which makes classical methods of detecting anomalies, such as signature and heuristic, insufficiently effective. In this regard, it is necessary to develop more advanced systems for detecting network threats based on machine learning and artificial intelligence technologies. Problem statement. Existing methods of detecting malicious traffic often face problems associated with high false-positive response and insufficient accuracy in the face of real threats on the network. This reduces the effectiveness of cybersecurity systems and makes it difficult to identify new attacks. The purpose of the study. The purpose of this work is to develop a malicious traffic detection system that would increase the number of detected anomalies in network traffic through the introduction of machine learning and AI technologies. Research methods. To achieve this goal, a thorough analysis and preprocessing of data obtained from publicly available datasets such as CICIDS2017 and KDD Cup 1999 was carried out.

Keywords: anomaly detection, malicious traffic, cybersecurity, machine learning, artificial intelligence, signature methods

Abstract. The purpose of the article is to study the information security of critical parameters of the organization's IT infrastructure processes and its digital infrastructure using Security Monitoring Centers. Such risk factors as adaptability, stability in the middle and long period, the influence of uncertainties ("white noise") are emphasized. In addition to system analysis and synthesis, methods of mathematical (simulation, operator) modeling, computational mathematics and statistics are used in the work. Based on the analysis and synthesis, the following main results were obtained: 1) the classification of the effects of various attacks on the distributed infrastructure was carried out; 2) a scheme, a multiplicative model of integral interactions of protective measures and an integral measure of security are proposed; 3) an algorithm has been developed to identify the constructed multiplicative model based on the least squares criterion, both by the set of factors and by risk classes; 4) shows an example of an operator equation taking into account random noise in the system. Scientific and practical value of work: the results can be used to assess the security of the system and reduce the risks of targeted attacks, damage from them. In addition, the proposed schemes will facilitate situational modeling to detect risk situations and assess the damage from their implementation.

Keywords: assessment, sustainability, maturity, information security center, monitoring, risk, management

The article proposes a set of anthropomorphic models for assessing the risks of infrastructural destructivism effects. These models are based on one of the approaches to assessing the risks of infrastructural genesis, which consists in assessing the effect of infra-structural destructivism, consisting in the uncontrolled self-destruction of the information infrastructure. In contrast to existing approaches to assessing the indicators of infrastructural destructivism, the article proposes the use of models that take into ac-count multiple inter-object behavioral interactions of processes based on the anthropomorphic approach. The anthropomorphic approach involves the implementation of algorithms for assessing inter-object interactions according to the principles of development of wildlife. The phenomenon of infrastructural destructivism has a practical explanation associated with the fact that under certain conditions, the simultaneous implementation of destructive impacts on infrastructure objects from various sources can lead to both catastrophic changes (that is, to the complete self-destruction of the information infrastructure) and to minimizing the risks of infrastructural genesis. The article introduces the concept of the "health" metric in the infrastructure information security monitoring system, which displays the presence of "negative" behavioral activities of processes and thereby predicts an increase in the probability of the appearance of infra-structure destructiveness effects. Thus, when applying the proposed models, it becomes possible to increase the accuracy of assessing the risks of infrastructure genesis, and therefore ensure a sufficient level of information security.

Keywords: infrastructure destructiveness, destructive impacts of infrastructure genesis, anthropo-morphic approach, intelligent analysis of event logs, behavioral analysis

During the construction and operation of oil and gas industry facilities, there are increased requirements for the quality of concrete. To this end, it is necessary to use new formulations and their preparation technology to obtain concretes of the required density with high strength, frost resistance, water resistance, crack resistance and, ultimately, increased durability. The use of a superplasticizing additive, basalt or polymer fiber and a nanocarbon additive in the specified amounts in the composition of fine-grained concrete contributed to an increase in the uniformity and density of the mixture and, accordingly, an increase in the strength characteristics of concrete at various hardening times. As a result of testing concrete samples for frost resistance, a mark of 400-500 cycles of freezing and thawing was obtained. This makes it possible to use these compositions of fine-grained concrete in harsh climatic and difficult engineering and geological conditions of construction and operation of oil and gas industry facilities.

Keywords: fibroconcrete, oil storage tanks, nanocarbon tubes, basalt fiber, superplasticizer

In the process of drilling oil or gas wells, increased friction forces of the drill string against the walls of the well, as well as in the rock-crushing tool. The use of various formulations of washing liquid using surfactants from fish production waste contributes to solving a significant part of the problems. The presence of fatty acids in fish waste, which have a significant surface-active effect, allows them to be used as plasticizing additives in concrete. As a result of the introduction of these wastes into the concrete mixture, its rheological properties are improved, as well as the strength characteristics of the hardened fine-grained fiber concrete significantly increase. The use of fish production waste in the concrete mixture will reduce the cost of concrete production, and the environmental situation will improve due to the disposal of industrial waste.

Keywords: fiber concrete, strength, fish waste, industrial liquids, nanocarbon tubes, basalt fiber, superplasticizer

The paper describes the features of construction and monitoring in cultural and historical heritage areas using the example of the railway bypass of the Inkerman St. Kliment Monastery. The analysis of the current regulatory documents regulating activities in this area is carried out. The stages of geomonitoring are described. The geodetic component of monitoring is considered, taking into account the requirements established by the current legislation.

Keywords: geomonitoring, construction, cultural heritage site, leveling, railway track, deformation grade, precipitation and deformations

The composition and scope of work on the inspection of buildings and structures depends on the purpose of the work. One of the problems of missing deadlines, increasing the cost and reducing the quality of the survey of buildings and structures is the incorrect formulation of the task. To this end, an analysis of the technical conclusions of the survey was carried out and the main goals were identified, as well as a link to the life cycle of the object was given, for a better formulation of the task.

Keywords: inspection of buildings and structures, the technical condition of structures, the scope of work, the terms of reference for the survey, the life cycle of the object

A brief historical overview of the evolution of requirements for the performance properties of wall materials is given. It is shown that the list of types of wall materials used is regulated by the level of urbanization of society and modern requirements for energy and resource conservation. An analysis of the types of defects that occur in multilayer walls of buildings during their operation has shown that the most important cause of their occurrence is an incorrect combination of materials with different porosity. The importance of taking into account the "single-layer" factor in construction, which allows ensuring the quality of construction and operation of buildings in Russia's diverse and difficult climatic conditions, was noted. Information is provided on the product range and operational advantages of non-autoclaved fiberfoam concrete as a material suitable for the construction of single-layer walls and capable of improving their protective and acoustic properties.

Keywords: safe use of premises, energy-efficient construction, gas-filled concrete, multilayer walls, mold, fiberfoam concrete, strength, thermal conductivity

In order to optimize the operation of dust-settling chambers of steelmaking furnace emission purification systems and increase the overall efficiency of the cleaning system, the movement of gas-air flows and dust particles of different diameters inside dust-collecting chambers was studied using the SolidWorks software product with the FlowSimulation application, which allowed us to investigate the influence of a number of factors, for example, fractional composition, the condition of the working surfaces of chambers, on the movement of gas-air the flow.

Keywords: steelmaking furnace, gas-air flow, dust-settling chamber, cleaning efficiency, dust, dispersed composition, modeling

The article deals with the problems of modern use of cultural heritage objects. The object of the study is the manor complexes on the territory of St. Petersburg and neighboring counties of St. Petersburg province. It is established that some part of the objects is not included in the register of cultural heritage objects and is subject to destruction. Contradictions in the issues of preservation and modern use of estate complexes are revealed. The main reasons for the destruction of objects are defined as the lack of information about the territory of the cultural heritage object in the Unified State Register of Real Estate (hereinafter referred to as USRN) and non-utilization of the potential of estates, due to the loss of the subject of attraction of the territory. The main provisions of protection of cultural heritage objects are briefly considered. The reasons for the incompleteness of information in the real estate register are established. The possibility and expediency of restoration of completely destroyed objects are considered. Possible options for the use of abandoned and lost estate complexes are proposed.

Keywords: cultural heritage object, manor complex, register of cultural heritage objects, use,protection , condition of cultural heritage objects

The article presents a method for determining the stress-strain state of pile foundations for metal supports of power transmission lines during technical examination of power grid facilities in the Far North. An example of calculation using the LIRA automatic software package is given. The most stressed sections of structures are determined. The prospect of using CAD during technical examination of power grid facilities is proved.

Keywords: building structures, metal structures, energy facilities, stress-strain state, technical expertise

This article analyzes the organizational and technological solutions used in the investment and construction sector, aimed at significantly increasing the efficiency of construction production and optimizing labor productivity. The process of implementing investment and construction activities is a multifaceted set of strategic maneuvers aimed at attracting capital investments, improving organizational and technological management and successfully completing project initiatives. The integration of innovative approaches in resource management and labor organization processes serves as the basis for the formation of a sustainable competitive advantage and maximizing performance in the dynamically developing construction industry. Organizational and technological schemes for the implementation of investment and construction projects are considered. Attention is paid to the issue of complex turnkey contracts, which involve the preparation of preliminary contract documentation in two stages. The contractor studies the requirements put forward by the customer, after which he sends him his proposals, after approval and acceptance of which the risk of constructive and organizational and technological solutions is reduced.

Keywords: organizational and technological solutions, investment and construction processes, facility, organizational management structures, reliability, efficiency

An assessment of the oxidizing ability of activated sludge used in the process of biological wastewater treatment was carried out when it was treated with a direct electric current on an electrohydrodynamic device. The efficiency of biological wastewater treatment is analyzed when the DC voltage changes, the sign of polarization of the electrode, as well as the values of the Camp criterion. It is shown that the electrotreatment of activated sludge leads to an increase in the efficiency of biological wastewater treatment, determined by the indicator of chemical oxygen consumption. A relationship has been established between the intensity of sludge treatment and the magnitude of the zeta potential of activated sludge at the outlet of the aeration tank.

Keywords: wastewater, biological treatment, activated sludge, electrohydrodynamic device, zeta potential, chemical oxygen consumption

The article examines modern construction technologies used in the North Caucasus region of Russia and their impact on the efficiency and sustainability of the construction industry. In the context of growing economic and environmental challenges, as well as changing social needs, automation is becoming a key factor in optimizing construction processes and project management. The main focus is on the analysis of the current state of the construction sector in the North Caucasus, its main problems and prospects for the application of new technologies. Innovations such as Building Information Modeling (BIM), robotics, drone technologies, 3D printing of buildings and the use of Internet technologies for monitoring and managing construction processes are considered. Examples of the successful application of these technologies in various projects in the region are described in detail, which allows us to assess their impact on the productivity and quality of work performed. The article also examines the issues of financing the implementation of innovations, training personnel and creating the necessary infrastructure to support automation. The barriers and challenges that contractors and construction companies face when switching to new working methods are considered. Attention is paid not only to economic but also to environmental aspects - how automation can help reduce the impact of the construction industry on the environment. In addition, the paper presents a forecast for the development of the construction industry in the North Caucasus, taking into account new technologies, as well as recommendations for their implementation to achieve sustainable growth and increase the competitiveness of regional construction. Given the specifics and needs of the region, the emphasis is on the possibility of adapting global trends to local realities. Thus, the article emphasizes the importance of innovative automation technologies for the modernization of construction production in the North Caucasus, their role in increasing the efficiency and sustainability of the industry, and also offers strategies for the successful implementation of these technologies in the conditions of a particular region.

Keywords: construction, additive technologies, modern trends, construction production technologies, construction industry, additive technologies, ecology, construction processes, North Caucasus

This paper is the first of a series of works, which the authors have devoted to the analysis of experimental data available in the literature on the influence of various factors on the strength of reinforced concrete monolithic walls of civil buildings. Among them the most significant ones were identified: the ratio of height to wall width, the ratio of height to wall thickness, the class of concrete and the class of reinforcement, the reinforcement scheme and the loading scheme, etc. The most important factors were identified. It is established that the scientists of the past and present in their works, due to the complexity and costliness of experiments, considered a limited small number of factors in a separate study - 1...3, often without taking into account their mutual influence. There is no theoretical interpretation of the results obtained in these works, and no scientific publications summarising the accumulated experimental material have been found. This paper and our subsequent publications are an attempt to eliminate this gap. In the present paper, a classification of all factors is given and the joint action of factor No. 1, which takes into account the H/B aspect ratios, and factor 15c, which takes into account the joint action of vertical and horizontal loads, is considered. The results of this analysis will allow us to make the next step towards the improvement of the methodology for calculating the strength of monolithic reinforced concrete walls, which will take into account the different types of influencing factors as much as possible.

Keywords: reinforced concrete, monolithic walls, experimental data, strength, stiffness, crack resistance, influence factors, geometrical parameters, loads, deformations

In this article the authors consider the problems associated with the organization and realization of capital repair of buildings of medical and preventive institutions in the conditions of their functioning. The authors analyze the regulatory documents, explore the design and working documentation of real objects for capital repair works of some of medical institutions of the Moscow region, which continue their functioning, and highlight the main problems arising in the organizational and technological designing: insufficient informativeness of the normative documentation on spesual conditions of functioning of a medical institution, difficulties in the organization of storage areas for materials, difficulties in moving construction equipment, noise and maintaining cleanliness.If these aspects are not taken into account in the design process, it may have a negative impact on the work of the medical institution: the lives of patients and staff will be endangered, the quality of medical services will be unsatisfactory. In addition, attention should be paid to update regulatory documentation to improve the process of capital repair works, ensuring a high level of safety and comfort for patients and staff.

Keywords: capital repair, medical and preventive institution, moral deterioration, physical deterioration, safety, repair and construction works, modernization, medical institution, noise, cleanliness, construction organization

The research aimed to investigate the structure of glass-basalt composite pipes and explore the relationship between their Renyi statistical dimensions and physicomechanical properties. Physical experiments were conducted to measure and analyze the elasticity of glass-basalt composite pipes. The experiments included testing the modulus of elasticity and other mechanical properties. Fractal analysis was applied at the microstructural level to assess the influence of the fiber matrix structure on the physicomechanical behavior of the pipes. The study explored the possibility of modeling the microstructure of glass-basalt composite pipes using 3D fractal analysis. A correlation was established between the spectrum of multifractal dimensions (D-200, D0, D1, D2, D200), the heterogeneity of the fiber matrix f(α), and the elasticity properties (Young’s modulus). For the obtained fractal models predicting Young’s modulus, the correlation coefficients (R2) were 0.95 for D0, 0.92 for D1, 0.90 for D2, 0.82 for D-200, and 0.68 for f(α). These results can be applied for rapid estimation of Young’s modulus using optical microscopy and photomicrographs of the microstructure.

Keywords: fractal modeling, microstructure, physicomechanical properties, material development, glass-basalt fiber, polymer pipes, forecasting, interphase boundaries, mechanical properties, fractal dimension, heterogeneity

This article presents a new method of strengthening reinforced concrete columns using metal and composite materials. The analysis of existing traditional and modern methods of strengthening of reinforced concrete compressed elements has been carried out and their main disadvantages have been identified, taking into account which a new reinforcement method has been developed. This study presents the results of testing the effectiveness of a new reinforcement method, describes in detail the basic schemes, technology and procedure for performing reinforcement work. The results of the conducted experimental studies are presented. The strength of the control samples was compared with the reinforced ones. Proposals have been developed to strengthen reinforced concrete columns with metal elements arranged longitudinally and composite materials glued in the form of clamps with fibers arranged in the transverse direction.

Keywords: steel, reinforced concrete, heavy concrete, test, rack, composite material

The article discusses the difficulties and issues of the effectiveness of the implementation of digital technologies of electronic document management (EDM) in construction organizations, the prospects for digitalization of document management. It is noted that in construction, digital EDM technologies play a significant role due to the significant volume of construction documentation, the complexities of investment and construction projects, the need to comply with the requirements and deadlines for the implementation of construction processes and work at the stages of the project life cycle. The stages of assessing the results of applying digital EDM technologies in a construction organization are presented. Some digital EDM technologies are characterized. The correlation of the goals and objectives of applying digital EDM technologies in the format of functional decomposition of business processes of a construction organization is determined. An assessment of the results of applying some digital EDM technologies in a construction organization is presented.

Keywords: electronic document management, electronic document management system, digitalization, digital technology, digital space, construction organization, construction sector, assessment, result

The article considers the parameters of rational use of additional support faces of reinforced cylindrical mesh shells. The assessment of the features of shaping has been carried out and the choice of the topology of surfaces within the limits of ensuring the stability of the structure has been justified. Recommended ratios of overall dimensions are proposed and corresponding calculation models are formed. The criteria for determining the sensitivity of the grid are given, taking into account additional support faces and the fulfillment of the conditions of limit states. A range of acceptable values of curvature and geometric parameters for the creation of reinforced cylindrical mesh shells has been obtained. The effect of increasing stiffness and increasing height on the performance of the mesh surface is analyzed. The characteristic patterns of changes in nodal deviations and internal force factors of vulnerable zones are revealed.

Keywords: cylindrical mesh shells, additional support surfaces, shaping, parameter ratios, reinforcement, stability

At the moment, it is necessary to actively develop domestic tourism. One of the options for affordable outdoor recreation near the house is glamping. Glamping is attractive because it can be located in recreational areas and does not require capital buildings. Prefabricated structures are used to organize recreation and leisure. The traditional structures are a geo dome and various prisms. The authors transformed the basic shapes of the glamping buildings in search of an optimal architectural design solution, which made it possible to create three different layout schemes. As a result of the conducted research, a variant of the development of the shape of the structure was proposed when combining a hemisphere and a triangular prism.

Keywords: domestic tourism, glamping, geodesic dome, aframe, dome frame, frame frame

Modernization of university campuses in the context of the development of domestic higher education and science to increase the technological sovereignty of the country is one of the pressing problems of modern domestic architecture. The article examines the features of the modern scientific and educational process in higher education and, on their basis, defines the architectural aspects of modernization of existing university campuses.

Keywords: modernization, university campus, modern educational process, university campus model

Flexibility is the ability of a system to respond to changes in the external environment. To ensure the progress and implementation of large-scale projects, they as systems must have the ability to promptly respond and adapt to changes in the environment and requirements. Resources are limited in the implementation of large construction projects. If the cost of construction increases to such an extent that the customer or investor cannot cover it, then the implementation of such a project becomes impossible. Similarly, it is necessary to control the timing and efficiency of construction. Thus, under conditions of limited resources, the efficiency of their use and management determines the success of the project and the achievement of the set goals. Communication and regulation of relationships between members of large design organizations, the efficiency of information transfer and the ability to share resources by participants play an important role in flexibility in project implementation. Flexible management of organizational structures effectively solves problems such as changes, conflicts, risks, etc. Based on the theory of flexibility, this article analyzes how, through coordinated work, difficulties and problems in the construction process are effectively solved in large-scale project organizations, how the implementation of set tasks is controlled.

Keywords: large-scale projects, flexibility, organizational structure, management