One of the important parameters of shaping historical and cultural monuments of the tower type are the dimensions in plan, the thickness of the external walls varying with height, and the angles of inclination of the external and internal sides of the external walls. The article defines the average values of the angles of inclination of the external and internal sides of the walls of tower structures from the vertical using visual and instrumental methods using optical devices, plumb lines, and goniometers. A system of equations is compiled that determines the patterns of shaping cultural heritage monuments of the tower type. An example of calculating the geometric parameters of the designed tower based on the compiled dependencies is considered. The parameters of shaping tower structures must be taken into account when developing design documentation for repair and restoration work, as well as when drawing up process maps for the construction of destroyed or physically worn out wall structures.
Keywords: repair and restoration binders, repair and restoration compositions, hydraulic lime, hydrated lime, gypsum, anhydrite, dolomite, magnesian binders, carbonization, decarbonization, carbonate raw materials, cement raw materials, clays, limestones
This paper presents the results of experimental studies on the development of a chemical additive for concrete and mortar mixtures to establish a modifying effect. A chemical additive was developed - a multifunctional cleaning agent - “LOC”, in order to establish its modifying effect for concrete composites. The results of the experimental studies confirm the effectiveness of the chemical additive under study as a modifier. Composite material samples modified with the developed product show higher technical characteristics: the obtained BC samples correspond to the concrete grade for workability - P3, when the standard sample has a grade - P2, the compressive strength of the control BC samples, with a chemical additive - ""LOC"" in an amount of 1%, increases by 28%, the established optimal dose of the additive being developed - Ministry of Emergency Situations - “LOC” for Bx and mortar mixtures is 1%, which guarantees its economic efficiency.
Keywords: concrete composite, modification, surfactants, cleaning agent – “LOC”, anionic and nonionic surfactants, modifier, development, chemical additive, plasticity, strength, water absorption
Repair and restoration binders and compositions based on them are needed primarily for the repair, restoration and restoration of cultural heritage sites both in the Russian Federation and abroad. They are subject to special requirements, so the conduct of related engineering and survey, research and development work is an important condition for the development of modern scientifically verified, practically tested and in demand in practice repair and restoration materials. One of the main conditions for the practical implementation of the proposed investment project is the presence of a mineral resource base in the region and the country. The resource potential of carbonate, halogen and clayey rocks is fully represented in the mountainous part of the Chechen Republic (CR). Based on the results of research and prospecting work on the territory of the Czech Republic, 6 forecast areas have been identified that are promising for the identification of deposits of carbonate, halogen and clay raw materials, mainly as lime, cement and multi-purpose. The work uses methods of analytical research and scientific generalizations, expert assessments, process modeling and system analysis. The classification of inorganic binders was performed, which for the first time included organic-inorganic binders and additives in repair and restoration binders and compositions. As a result of exploratory research, it was proposed to repair, restore and restore historical and cultural monuments using the ones developed at the Kh.I. Ibragimov RAS of modern technologies and materials for repair and restoration work. To assess and correct the scientific problem associated with the development of repair and restoration binders and repair and restoration compositions, a review of historical experience was made. A concept for the development of a new scientific direction "High-strength composite materials based on lime (hydraulic and hydrate), gypsum (gypsum and anhydrite) and magnesia binders for the repair and restoration of cultural heritage sites" has been developed.
Keywords: repair and restoration binders, repair and restoration compositions, hydraulic lime, hydrated lime, gypsum, anhydrite, dolomite, magnesian binders, carbonization, decarbonization, carbonate raw materials, cement raw materials, clays, limestones